How to read the grid

Air temperature runs along the top, relative humidity down the side, and the cell where they meet is the dew point. That is the whole mechanic. What people get wrong is not the lookup but the interpretation, so the cells are coloured by what the resulting dew point feels like rather than by how large the number is.

Two things the grid assumes: that your humidity figure is for the same air as your temperature figure, and that both are current. A humidity reading from a different hour is a reading of different air.

The scale, band by band

Forecaster convention. The boundary belongs to the band above it, so exactly 60°F is "getting sticky" rather than "comfortable".
BandDew point °F°CWhat it feels like
Dryunder 50under 10Air this dry takes water readily. Laundry dries, finishes cure, static builds.
Very comfortable50–5510–12.8The range most people never notice at all. Evaporation works without effort.
Comfortable55–6012.8–15.6Pleasant. You would call this a nice day without thinking about the humidity.
Getting sticky60–6515.6–18.3The point at which people start describing the air rather than the temperature.
Muggy65–7018.3–21.1Uncomfortable. Sweat stops evaporating fast enough to keep up with mild exertion.
Oppressive70–7521.1–23.9Heavy air. Overnight lows stay high because the air cannot cool past this.
Miserable75 and up23.9 and upTropical. Rare outside the deep subtropics, and unmistakable when it happens.

Why the dew point sets the overnight low

A dew point is a floor. Air cannot cool below the temperature at which it saturates without giving up water, and giving up water releases heat, which slows the cooling almost to a stop. So a night with a 70°F dew point will not fall much below 70°F, however clear the sky is.

This is the most practical thing on the page. The forecast low and the dew point are usually within a couple of degrees of each other on a humid night, and if you know one you can predict the other. It is also why humidity climbs after dark without any water being added.

What the colours mean, and what they do not

The bands are about how air feels to a person standing in it. They say nothing about whether something will condense — that depends on the dew point against a surface temperature, which is a different comparison and has its own calculator. A 45°F dew point sits comfortably in the dry band and will still fog a drink taken out of the fridge.